珠江流域碳酸盐岩与硅酸盐岩风化对大气CO_2汇的效应   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

覃小群  蒋忠诚  张连凯  黄奇波  刘朋雨 《地质通报》2015,34(9):1749-1757

对珠江流域11个测站的河水1个水文年4次取样进行水化学和同位素测试分析,揭示无论是碳酸盐岩区还是硅酸盐岩区,岩石风化均使河流的离子成分以HCO3-、Ca2+、Mg2+为主,碳酸盐岩风化溶蚀速率和由碳酸盐岩风化溶蚀引起的大气CO2消耗量分别为27.60 mm/ka和540.21x103mol/(km2·a-1),是硅酸盐岩风化速率和由硅酸盐岩风化引起的大气CO2消耗量的10.8倍和6.7倍,说明碳酸盐岩风化是流域碳汇过程及效应的主体。由于有利的水热条件和高的碳酸盐岩面积比例,珠江流域平均岩石风化速率和由岩石风化作用引起的大气CO2消耗量分别为30.15mm/ka和620.36×103mol/(km2·a-1),为全球60条河流平均值的2.6倍。  相似文献   

基于遥感的上海地区雾霾监测研究     

戴羊羊  李成范  周时强  赵俊娟  尹京苑 《测绘工程》2015,(12):29-32

以中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)遥感数据为数据源,综合利用6S传输模型与NASA V5.2算法对2013年12月4日至8日上海地区雾霾污染进行了连续性监测,并对其形成原因进行分析。结果表明,此次雾霾污染主要是由本地生产和外地迁移来源共同作用形成,上海地区气溶胶光学厚度在12月6日达到最大,雾霾污染区域逐渐从上海地区的西北向东南扩散,污染等级也逐渐降低。  相似文献   

大气CO₂浓度时空变化卫星遥感监测的应用潜力分析     

布然  雷莉萍  郭丽洁  刘达  曾招城 《遥感学报》2015,19(1):34-45

GOSAT卫星观测反演大气CO2浓度精度已经提高到了1—2 ppm,而卫星数据能否准确地揭示全球和区域大气CO2浓度变化特征还缺乏充分的评价与分析。本文针对已经连续运行观测3年的GOSAT卫星,收集了来自美国NASA-OCO团队(ACOS)和日本环境研究所GOSAT团队(NIES)基于各自算法反演的两套大气CO2柱浓度数据,描述并分析了全球大气CO2时空变化特征。分析结果表明,从XCO2反演的绝对值结果来看ACOS总体上比NIES的高出约2 ppm左右,但从时空的相对变化上它们揭示了相近的大气CO2浓度时空变化特征。两套数据显示出全球平均大气CO2浓度在2010年—2012年的3年期间年增量分别为1.8 ppm和2.0 ppm;季节变化幅度,北半球最大4—6 ppm,南半球最大约2 ppm,这与地面观测结果基本一致。进一步将EDGAR 4.2人为排放总量格网化数据与GOSAT卫星观测反演的CO2浓度进行相关统计分析,结果指出两套数据对人为排放量有着微弱的响应。本文结果指出目前GOSAT卫星观测反演的XCO2可以检测出全球和区域大气CO2浓度的年变化、季节变化和区域空间变化的特征;GOSAT卫星10.5 km空间分辨率的观测虽难于检测出点源的浓度变化,但从区域上对人为排放的累积效应的监测显示了一定的应用潜力。  相似文献   

一种改进的TSI3563积分浊度误差校正方法          下载免费PDF全文

马楠  周秀骥  颜鹏  赵春生 《应用气象学报》2015,26(1):12-21

TSI3563型积分式浊度计是一种性能出色的气溶胶散射系数观测仪器,然而由于仪器设计所固有的限制,TSI3563型浊度计观测结果包含有角度截断和非朗伯体光源两项系统性误差,会使观测结果较真值偏小10%左右。因此,需要对TSI3563型浊度计的观测结果进行校正才能得到较为精确的散射系数观测值。该研究利用2009年华北平原HaChi气溶胶外场观测数据测试了现有校正方法,结果显示,传统的校正方法在我国华北平原这样的高气溶胶污染地区并不适用。为此,提出一种改进的校正方法,利用同时观测的PM₁和PM₁₀数据,在校正方案中加入超微米粒子体积比这一参量,对于不同体积比采用不同的校正函数。利用实际观测数据检验后发现,改进方法的校正效果相对于传统方法有很大改善。  相似文献   

A DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF AIR TEMPERATURE ANOMALY MODE OVER CHINA IN 2009/2010 WINTER BASED ON GENERALIZED EQUILIBRIUM FEEDBACK ASSESSMENT (GEFA) METHOD     

江志红  吴燕珠  刘征宇  温娜  赵灿 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2015,21(2):121-130

By using the observed monthly mean data over 160 stations of China and NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data, the generalized equilibrium feedback assessment(GEFA) method, combined with the methods of EOF analysis, correlation and composite analysis, is used to explore the influence of different SST modes on a wintertime air temperature pattern in which it is cold in the northeast and warm in the southwest in China. The results show that the 2009/2010 winter air temperature oscillation mode between the northern and southern part of China is closely related to the corresponding sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTA) and its associated atmospheric circulation anomalies. Exhibiting warming in Northeast China and cooling in Southwest China, the mode is significantly forced by the El Nio mode and the North Atlantic SSTA mode, which have three poles. Under the influence of SSTA modes, the surface northerly flow transported cold air to North and Northeast China, resulting in low temperatures in the regions. Meanwhile, the mid-latitude westerlies intensify and the polar cold air stays in high latitudes and cannot affect the Southwest China, resulting in the warming there.  相似文献   

Carbonyl Sulphide (OCS) Variability with Latitude in the Atmosphere     

Gisèle Krysztofiak  Yao Veng Té  Gwenaël Berthet  Geoffrey C. Toon  Fabrice Jégou 《大气与海洋》2015,53(1):89-101

Abstract

Carbonyl sulphide (OCS) is an important precursor of sulphate aerosols and consequently a key species in stratospheric ozone depletion. The SPectromètre InfraRouge d'Absorption à Lasers Embarqués (SPIRALE) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) balloon-borne instruments have flown in the tropics and in the polar Arctic, and ground-based measurements have been performed by the Qualité de l'Air (QualAir) Fourier Transform Spectrometer in Paris. Partial and total columns and vertical profiles have been obtained to study OCS variability with altitude, latitude, and season. The annual total column variation in Paris reveals a seasonal variation with a maximum in April–June and a minimum in November–January. Total column measurements above Paris and from SWIR balloon-borne instrument are compared with several MkIV measurements, several Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) stations, aircraft, ship, and balloon measurements to highlight the OCS total column decrease from tropical to polar latitudes. OCS high-resolution in situ vertical profiles have been measured for the first time in the altitude range between 14 and 30?km at tropical and polar latitudes. OCS profiles are compared with Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite measurements and show good agreement. Using the correlation between OCS and N₂O from SPIRALE, the OCS stratospheric lifetime has been accurately determined. We find a stratospheric lifetime of 68?±?20 years at polar latitudes and 58?±?14 years at tropical latitudes leading to a global stratospheric sink of 49?±?14?Gg?S?y^?1.  相似文献   

Atmospheric Circulation Changes in Response to an Observed Stratospheric Zonal Ozone Anomaly     

Dieter H. W. Peters  Andrea Schneidereit  Marianne Bügelmayer  Christoph Zülicke  Ingo Kirchner 《大气与海洋》2015,53(1):74-88

Abstract

In a sensitivity study, the influence of an observed stratospheric zonal ozone anomaly on the atmospheric circulation was investigated using the Fifth Generation European Centre Hamburg Model (ECHAM5) which is a general circulation model. The model was run from 1960 to 1999 (40 years) with a mean seasonal cycle of zonally symmetric ozone. In order to isolate the induced dynamical influence of the observed zonally asymmetric part of the three-dimensional stratospheric ozone, a second run was performed for the boreal extratropics using prescribed monthly means from the 40-year reanalysis dataset from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ERA-40). The main findings are the interdecadal westward shift of the polar vortex at about 65°N and a significant increase in the number of stratospheric sudden warmings during the 1980–99 period. Under the action of zonally asymmetric ozone a decrease in the Arctic Oscillation was identified between the mid-1980s and the mid-1990s. The lag correlation between the mean Arctic Oscillation at the surface and the daily stratospheric northern annular mode increased in mid-winter. Furthermore, we examined the influence of the stratospheric zonal ozone anomaly on Rossby wave breaking in the upper troposphere and found a significant westward shift of poleward Rossby wave breaking events over western Europe in the winter. By this we show that the stratospheric zonal ozone anomaly has a strong influence on the tropospheric circulation as a result of enhanced dynamical coupling processes.  相似文献   

Structures and characteristics of the windy atmospheric boundary layer in the South China Sea region during cold surges     

CHENG Xue-Ling  HUANG Jian  WU Lin  ZENG Qing-Cun 《大气科学进展》2015,32(6):772-782

An observational analysis of the structures and characteristics of a windy atmospheric boundary layer during a cold air outbreak in the South China Sea region is reported in this paper. It is found that the main structures and characteristics are the same as during strong wind episodes with cold air outbreaks on land. The high frequency turbulent fluctuations(period<1 min) are nearly random and isotropic with weak coherency, but the gusty wind disturbances(1 min相似文献   

A diagnostic study of the asymmetric distribution of rainfall during the landfall of typhoon Haitang (2005)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Caijun Yue  Shouting Gao  Lu Liu  Xiaofan Li 《大气科学进展》2015,32(10):1419-1430

The precipitation during landfall of typhoon Haitang (2005) showed asymmetric structures (left side/right side of the track). Analysis of Weather Research and Forecasting model simulation data showed that rainfall on the right side was more than 15 times stronger than on the left side. The causes were analyzed by focusing on comparing the water vapor flux, stability and upward motion between the two sides. The major results were as follows: (2) Relative humidity on both sides was over 80%, whereas the convergence of water vapor flux in the lower troposphere was about 10 times larger on the right side than on the left side. (5) Both sides featured conditional symmetric instability [MPV (moist potential vorticity) <0], but the right side was more unstable than the left side. (6) Strong (weak) upward motion occurred throughout the troposphere on the right (left) side. The Q vector diagnosis suggested that large-scale and mesoscale forcing accounted for the difference in vertical velocity. Orographic lift and surface friction forced the development of the asymmetric precipitation pattern. On the right side, strong upward motion from the forcing of different scale weather systems and topography caused a substantial release of unstable energy and the transportation of water vapor from the lower to the upper troposphere, which produced torrential rainfall. However, the above conditions on the left side were all much weaker, which led to weaker rainfall. This may have been the cause of the asymmetric distribution of rainfall during the landfall of typhoon Haitang.  相似文献   

河南一次西南涡暴雨的大气排熵指数特征分析     

张霞  王新敏  高媛媛 《气象与环境科学》2015,38(1):26-33

应用耗散结构理论,基于广义相当位温构建大气排熵指数,利用常规观测资料、地面加密自动站雨量资料、NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料等,对2008年7月21—23日一次西南低涡东移造成的河南省大范围暴雨过程的大气排熵指数进行诊断分析,结果表明:大气排熵指数的演变与此次西南涡暴雨落区和雨强关系密切,暴雨落在负排熵指数中心偏南一侧,大雨以上降水分布在排熵指数负值中心轴线附近及其偏南侧;强降水开始前,排熵指数明显减小,强降水持续时间与排熵指数低值维持时间联系紧密;雨强不仅与排熵指数低值有关,且与低值维持时间、6h变化量也有密切关系。排熵指数低值中心位置和中心值的强弱变化与该个例中西南低涡中心位置和其强弱变化具有较好一致性。  相似文献